Poplar MYB115 and MYB134 Transcription Factors Regulate Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Structure.
Identifieur interne : 001253 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001252; suivant : 001254Poplar MYB115 and MYB134 Transcription Factors Regulate Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Structure.
Auteurs : Amy Midori James [Finlande] ; Dawei Ma [Finlande] ; Robin Mellway [Finlande] ; Andreas Gesell [Finlande] ; Kazuko Yoshida [Finlande] ; Vincent Walker [Finlande] ; Lan Tran [Finlande] ; Don Stewart [Finlande] ; Michael Reichelt [Finlande] ; Jussi Suvanto [Finlande] ; Juha-Pekka Salminen [Finlande] ; Jonathan Gershenzon [Finlande] ; Armand Séguin [Finlande] ; C Peter Constabel [Canada]Source :
- Plant physiology [ 1532-2548 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Analyse de profil d'expression de gènes (MeSH), Facteurs de transcription (classification), Facteurs de transcription (génétique), Facteurs de transcription (métabolisme), Liaison aux protéines (MeSH), Phylogenèse (MeSH), Populus (cytologie), Populus (génétique), Populus (métabolisme), Proanthocyanidines (biosynthèse), Protéines végétales (classification), Protéines végétales (génétique), Protéines végétales (métabolisme), Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétaux (MeSH), Techniques de double hybride (MeSH), Végétaux génétiquement modifiés (MeSH).
- MESH :
- biosynthèse : Proanthocyanidines.
- classification : Facteurs de transcription, Protéines végétales.
- cytologie : Populus.
- génétique : Facteurs de transcription, Populus, Protéines végétales.
- métabolisme : Facteurs de transcription, Populus, Protéines végétales.
- Analyse de profil d'expression de gènes, Liaison aux protéines, Phylogenèse, Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétaux, Techniques de double hybride, Végétaux génétiquement modifiés.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Gene Expression Profiling (MeSH), Gene Expression Regulation, Plant (MeSH), Phylogeny (MeSH), Plant Proteins (classification), Plant Proteins (genetics), Plant Proteins (metabolism), Plants, Genetically Modified (MeSH), Populus (cytology), Populus (genetics), Populus (metabolism), Proanthocyanidins (biosynthesis), Protein Binding (MeSH), Transcription Factors (classification), Transcription Factors (genetics), Transcription Factors (metabolism), Two-Hybrid System Techniques (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , biosynthesis : Proanthocyanidins.
- chemical , classification : Plant Proteins, Transcription Factors.
- chemical , genetics : Plant Proteins, Transcription Factors.
- chemical , metabolism : Plant Proteins, Transcription Factors.
- cytology : Populus.
- genetics : Populus.
- metabolism : Populus.
- Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Phylogeny, Plants, Genetically Modified, Protein Binding, Two-Hybrid System Techniques.
Abstract
The accumulation of proanthocyanidins is regulated by a complex of transcription factors composed of R2R3 MYB, basic helix-loop-helix, and WD40 proteins that activate the promoters of biosynthetic genes. In poplar (genus Populus), MYB134 is known to regulate proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by activating key flavonoid genes. Here, we characterize a second MYB regulator of proanthocyanidins, MYB115. Transgenic poplar overexpressing MYB115 showed a high-proanthocyanidin phenotype and reduced salicinoid accumulation, similar to the effects of MYB134 overexpression. Transcriptomic analysis of MYB115- and MYB134-overexpressing poplar plants identified a set of common up-regulated genes encoding proanthocyanidin biosynthetic enzymes and several novel uncharacterized MYB transcriptional repressors. Transient expression experiments demonstrated the capacity of both MYB134 and MYB115 to activate flavonoid promoters, but only in the presence of a basic helix-loop-helix cofactor. Yeast two-hybrid experiments confirmed the direct interaction of these transcription factors. The unexpected identification of dihydromyricetin in leaf extracts of both MYB115- and MYB134-overexpressing poplar led to the discovery of enhanced flavonoid B-ring hydroxylation and an increased proportion of prodelphinidins in proanthocyanidin of the transgenics. The dramatic hydroxylation phenotype of MYB115 overexpressors is likely due to the up-regulation of both flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylases and cytochrome b5 Overall, this work provides new insight into the complexity of the gene regulatory network for proanthocyanidin synthesis in poplar.
DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01962
PubMed: 28348066
PubMed Central: PMC5411147
Affiliations:
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and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gesell, Andreas" sort="Gesell, Andreas" uniqKey="Gesell A" first="Andreas" last="Gesell">Andreas Gesell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); 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and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, Lan" sort="Tran, Lan" uniqKey="Tran L" first="Lan" last="Tran">Lan Tran</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, Don" sort="Stewart, Don" uniqKey="Stewart D" first="Don" last="Stewart">Don Stewart</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reichelt, Michael" sort="Reichelt, Michael" uniqKey="Reichelt M" first="Michael" last="Reichelt">Michael Reichelt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suvanto, Jussi" sort="Suvanto, Jussi" uniqKey="Suvanto J" first="Jussi" last="Suvanto">Jussi Suvanto</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salminen, Juha Pekka" sort="Salminen, Juha Pekka" uniqKey="Salminen J" first="Juha-Pekka" last="Salminen">Juha-Pekka Salminen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gershenzon, Jonathan" sort="Gershenzon, Jonathan" uniqKey="Gershenzon J" first="Jonathan" last="Gershenzon">Jonathan Gershenzon</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seguin, Armand" sort="Seguin, Armand" uniqKey="Seguin A" first="Armand" last="Séguin">Armand Séguin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Constabel, C Peter" sort="Constabel, C Peter" uniqKey="Constabel C" first="C Peter" last="Constabel">C Peter Constabel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.); cpc@uvic.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Canada</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.); cpc@uvic.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Canada</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and cpc@uvic.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Canada</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.) cpc@uvic.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Canada</country></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:28348066</idno><idno type="pmid">28348066</idno><idno type="doi">10.1104/pp.16.01962</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC5411147</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001388</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001388</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001388</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">001388</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001388</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Poplar MYB115 and MYB134 Transcription Factors Regulate Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Structure.</title><author><name sortKey="James, Amy Midori" sort="James, Amy Midori" uniqKey="James A" first="Amy Midori" last="James">Amy Midori James</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Dawei" sort="Ma, Dawei" uniqKey="Ma D" first="Dawei" last="Ma">Dawei Ma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mellway, Robin" sort="Mellway, Robin" uniqKey="Mellway R" first="Robin" last="Mellway">Robin Mellway</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gesell, Andreas" sort="Gesell, Andreas" uniqKey="Gesell A" first="Andreas" last="Gesell">Andreas Gesell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yoshida, Kazuko" sort="Yoshida, Kazuko" uniqKey="Yoshida K" first="Kazuko" last="Yoshida">Kazuko Yoshida</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Vincent" sort="Walker, Vincent" uniqKey="Walker V" first="Vincent" last="Walker">Vincent Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, Lan" sort="Tran, Lan" uniqKey="Tran L" first="Lan" last="Tran">Lan Tran</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, Don" sort="Stewart, Don" uniqKey="Stewart D" first="Don" last="Stewart">Don Stewart</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reichelt, Michael" sort="Reichelt, Michael" uniqKey="Reichelt M" first="Michael" last="Reichelt">Michael Reichelt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suvanto, Jussi" sort="Suvanto, Jussi" uniqKey="Suvanto J" first="Jussi" last="Suvanto">Jussi Suvanto</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salminen, Juha Pekka" sort="Salminen, Juha Pekka" uniqKey="Salminen J" first="Juha-Pekka" last="Salminen">Juha-Pekka Salminen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gershenzon, Jonathan" sort="Gershenzon, Jonathan" uniqKey="Gershenzon J" first="Jonathan" last="Gershenzon">Jonathan Gershenzon</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seguin, Armand" sort="Seguin, Armand" uniqKey="Seguin A" first="Armand" last="Séguin">Armand Séguin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">C.P.C.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">J.G.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">A.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Constabel, C Peter" sort="Constabel, C Peter" uniqKey="Constabel C" first="C Peter" last="Constabel">C Peter Constabel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.); cpc@uvic.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Canada</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.); cpc@uvic.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Canada</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and cpc@uvic.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Canada</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.) cpc@uvic.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Canada</country></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Plant physiology</title><idno type="eISSN">1532-2548</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Gene Expression Profiling (MeSH)</term><term>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant (MeSH)</term><term>Phylogeny (MeSH)</term><term>Plant Proteins (classification)</term><term>Plant Proteins (genetics)</term><term>Plant Proteins (metabolism)</term><term>Plants, Genetically Modified (MeSH)</term><term>Populus (cytology)</term><term>Populus (genetics)</term><term>Populus (metabolism)</term><term>Proanthocyanidins (biosynthesis)</term><term>Protein Binding (MeSH)</term><term>Transcription Factors (classification)</term><term>Transcription Factors (genetics)</term><term>Transcription Factors (metabolism)</term><term>Two-Hybrid System Techniques (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de profil d'expression de gènes (MeSH)</term><term>Facteurs de transcription (classification)</term><term>Facteurs de transcription (génétique)</term><term>Facteurs de transcription (métabolisme)</term><term>Liaison aux protéines (MeSH)</term><term>Phylogenèse (MeSH)</term><term>Populus (cytologie)</term><term>Populus (génétique)</term><term>Populus (métabolisme)</term><term>Proanthocyanidines (biosynthèse)</term><term>Protéines végétales (classification)</term><term>Protéines végétales (génétique)</term><term>Protéines végétales (métabolisme)</term><term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétaux (MeSH)</term><term>Techniques de double hybride (MeSH)</term><term>Végétaux génétiquement modifiés (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="biosynthesis" xml:lang="en"><term>Proanthocyanidins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Proteins</term><term>Transcription Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Proteins</term><term>Transcription Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Proteins</term><term>Transcription Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="biosynthèse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Proanthocyanidines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Facteurs de transcription</term><term>Protéines végétales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Populus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytology" xml:lang="en"><term>Populus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Populus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Facteurs de transcription</term><term>Populus</term><term>Protéines végétales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Populus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Facteurs de transcription</term><term>Populus</term><term>Protéines végétales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Gene Expression Profiling</term><term>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Plants, Genetically Modified</term><term>Protein Binding</term><term>Two-Hybrid System Techniques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de profil d'expression de gènes</term><term>Liaison aux protéines</term><term>Phylogenèse</term><term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétaux</term><term>Techniques de double hybride</term><term>Végétaux génétiquement modifiés</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The accumulation of proanthocyanidins is regulated by a complex of transcription factors composed of R2R3 MYB, basic helix-loop-helix, and WD40 proteins that activate the promoters of biosynthetic genes. In poplar (genus <i>Populus</i>), MYB134 is known to regulate proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by activating key flavonoid genes. Here, we characterize a second MYB regulator of proanthocyanidins, MYB115. Transgenic poplar overexpressing MYB115 showed a high-proanthocyanidin phenotype and reduced salicinoid accumulation, similar to the effects of MYB134 overexpression. Transcriptomic analysis of MYB115- and MYB134-overexpressing poplar plants identified a set of common up-regulated genes encoding proanthocyanidin biosynthetic enzymes and several novel uncharacterized MYB transcriptional repressors. Transient expression experiments demonstrated the capacity of both MYB134 and MYB115 to activate flavonoid promoters, but only in the presence of a basic helix-loop-helix cofactor. Yeast two-hybrid experiments confirmed the direct interaction of these transcription factors. The unexpected identification of dihydromyricetin in leaf extracts of both MYB115- and MYB134-overexpressing poplar led to the discovery of enhanced flavonoid B-ring hydroxylation and an increased proportion of prodelphinidins in proanthocyanidin of the transgenics. The dramatic hydroxylation phenotype of MYB115 overexpressors is likely due to the up-regulation of both flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylases and cytochrome <i>b</i><sub>5</sub> Overall, this work provides new insight into the complexity of the gene regulatory network for proanthocyanidin synthesis in poplar.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28348066</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2018</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>14</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1532-2548</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>174</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2017</Year><Month>May</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Plant physiology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Plant Physiol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Poplar MYB115 and MYB134 Transcription Factors Regulate Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Structure.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>154-171</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1104/pp.16.01962</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The accumulation of proanthocyanidins is regulated by a complex of transcription factors composed of R2R3 MYB, basic helix-loop-helix, and WD40 proteins that activate the promoters of biosynthetic genes. In poplar (genus <i>Populus</i>), MYB134 is known to regulate proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by activating key flavonoid genes. Here, we characterize a second MYB regulator of proanthocyanidins, MYB115. Transgenic poplar overexpressing MYB115 showed a high-proanthocyanidin phenotype and reduced salicinoid accumulation, similar to the effects of MYB134 overexpression. Transcriptomic analysis of MYB115- and MYB134-overexpressing poplar plants identified a set of common up-regulated genes encoding proanthocyanidin biosynthetic enzymes and several novel uncharacterized MYB transcriptional repressors. Transient expression experiments demonstrated the capacity of both MYB134 and MYB115 to activate flavonoid promoters, but only in the presence of a basic helix-loop-helix cofactor. Yeast two-hybrid experiments confirmed the direct interaction of these transcription factors. The unexpected identification of dihydromyricetin in leaf extracts of both MYB115- and MYB134-overexpressing poplar led to the discovery of enhanced flavonoid B-ring hydroxylation and an increased proportion of prodelphinidins in proanthocyanidin of the transgenics. The dramatic hydroxylation phenotype of MYB115 overexpressors is likely due to the up-regulation of both flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylases and cytochrome <i>b</i><sub>5</sub> Overall, this work provides new insight into the complexity of the gene regulatory network for proanthocyanidin synthesis in poplar.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2017 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>James</LastName><ForeName>Amy Midori</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9978-0876</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ma</LastName><ForeName>Dawei</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mellway</LastName><ForeName>Robin</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gesell</LastName><ForeName>Andreas</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9614-7079</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yoshida</LastName><ForeName>Kazuko</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Walker</LastName><ForeName>Vincent</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-948X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tran</LastName><ForeName>Lan</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stewart</LastName><ForeName>Don</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reichelt</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Suvanto</LastName><ForeName>Jussi</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-0984</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Salminen</LastName><ForeName>Juha-Pekka</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gershenzon</LastName><ForeName>Jonathan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1812-1551</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Séguin</LastName><ForeName>Armand</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Constabel</LastName><ForeName>C Peter</ForeName><Initials>CP</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7627-7597</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5 (A.M.J., D.M., R.M., A.G., K.Y., V.W., L.T., C.P.C.); cpc@uvic.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.R., J.G.); cpc@uvic.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland (J.S., J.-P.S.); and cpc@uvic.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, St. Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 (D.S., A.S.) cpc@uvic.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>27</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Plant Physiol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0401224</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0032-0889</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010940">Plant Proteins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D044945">Proanthocyanidins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014157">Transcription Factors</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>18206-61-6</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C013221">proanthocyanidin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020869" MajorTopicYN="N">Gene Expression Profiling</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018506" MajorTopicYN="N">Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010802" MajorTopicYN="N">Phylogeny</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010940" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Proteins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000145" MajorTopicYN="N">classification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D030821" MajorTopicYN="N">Plants, Genetically Modified</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D032107" MajorTopicYN="N">Populus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000166" MajorTopicYN="N">cytology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D044945" MajorTopicYN="N">Proanthocyanidins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000096" MajorTopicYN="Y">biosynthesis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011485" MajorTopicYN="N">Protein Binding</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014157" MajorTopicYN="N">Transcription Factors</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000145" MajorTopicYN="N">classification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020798" MajorTopicYN="N">Two-Hybrid System 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